CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp

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//===------- CGHLSLBuiltins.cpp - Emit LLVM Code for HLSL builtins --------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This contains code to emit HLSL Builtin calls as LLVM code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "CGBuiltin.h"
#include "CGHLSLRuntime.h"
#include "CodeGenFunction.h"
#include "llvm/IR/MatrixBuilder.h"
 
using namespace clang;
using namespace CodeGen;
using namespace llvm;
 
static Value *handleAsDoubleBuiltin(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const CallExpr *E) {
  assert((E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() &&
          E->getArg(1)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation()) &&
         "asdouble operands types mismatch");
  Value *OpLowBits = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
  Value *OpHighBits = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
 
  llvm::Type *ResultType = CGF.DoubleTy;
  int N = 1;
  if (auto *VTy = E->getArg(0)->getType()->getAs<clang::VectorType>()) {
    N = VTy->getNumElements();
    ResultType = llvm::FixedVectorType::get(CGF.DoubleTy, N);
  }
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isDXIL())
    return CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/ResultType, Intrinsic::dx_asdouble,
        {OpLowBits, OpHighBits}, nullptr, "hlsl.asdouble");
 
  if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->isVectorType()) {
    OpLowBits = CGF.Builder.CreateVectorSplat(1, OpLowBits);
    OpHighBits = CGF.Builder.CreateVectorSplat(1, OpHighBits);
  }
 
  llvm::SmallVector<int> Mask;
  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    Mask.push_back(i);
    Mask.push_back(i + N);
  }
 
  Value *BitVec = CGF.Builder.CreateShuffleVector(OpLowBits, OpHighBits, Mask);
 
  return CGF.Builder.CreateBitCast(BitVec, ResultType);
}
 
static Value *handleHlslClip(const CallExpr *E, CodeGenFunction *CGF) {
  Value *Op0 = CGF->EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
  Constant *FZeroConst = ConstantFP::getZero(CGF->FloatTy);
  Value *CMP;
  Value *LastInstr;
 
  if (const auto *VecTy = E->getArg(0)->getType()->getAs<clang::VectorType>()) {
    FZeroConst = ConstantVector::getSplat(
        ElementCount::getFixed(VecTy->getNumElements()), FZeroConst);
    auto *FCompInst = CGF->Builder.CreateFCmpOLT(Op0, FZeroConst);
    CMP = CGF->Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        CGF->Builder.getInt1Ty(), CGF->CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getAnyIntrinsic(),
        {FCompInst});
  } else {
    CMP = CGF->Builder.CreateFCmpOLT(Op0, FZeroConst);
  }
 
  if (CGF->CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isDXIL()) {
    LastInstr = CGF->Builder.CreateIntrinsic(Intrinsic::dx_discard, {CMP});
  } else if (CGF->CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isSPIRV()) {
    BasicBlock *LT0 = CGF->createBasicBlock("lt0", CGF->CurFn);
    BasicBlock *End = CGF->createBasicBlock("end", CGF->CurFn);
 
    CGF->Builder.CreateCondBr(CMP, LT0, End);
 
    CGF->Builder.SetInsertPoint(LT0);
 
    CGF->Builder.CreateIntrinsic(Intrinsic::spv_discard, {});
 
    LastInstr = CGF->Builder.CreateBr(End);
    CGF->Builder.SetInsertPoint(End);
  } else {
    llvm_unreachable("Backend Codegen not supported.");
  }
 
  return LastInstr;
}
 
static Value *handleHlslSplitdouble(const CallExpr *E, CodeGenFunction *CGF) {
  Value *Op0 = CGF->EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
  const auto *OutArg1 = dyn_cast<HLSLOutArgExpr>(E->getArg(1));
  const auto *OutArg2 = dyn_cast<HLSLOutArgExpr>(E->getArg(2));
 
  CallArgList Args;
  LValue Op1TmpLValue =
      CGF->EmitHLSLOutArgExpr(OutArg1, Args, OutArg1->getType());
  LValue Op2TmpLValue =
      CGF->EmitHLSLOutArgExpr(OutArg2, Args, OutArg2->getType());
 
  if (CGF->getTarget().getCXXABI().areArgsDestroyedLeftToRightInCallee())
    Args.reverseWritebacks();
 
  Value *LowBits = nullptr;
  Value *HighBits = nullptr;
 
  if (CGF->CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isDXIL()) {
    llvm::Type *RetElementTy = CGF->Int32Ty;
    if (auto *Op0VecTy = E->getArg(0)->getType()->getAs<clang::VectorType>())
      RetElementTy = llvm::VectorType::get(
          CGF->Int32Ty, ElementCount::getFixed(Op0VecTy->getNumElements()));
    auto *RetTy = llvm::StructType::get(RetElementTy, RetElementTy);
 
    CallInst *CI = CGF->Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, Intrinsic::dx_splitdouble, {Op0}, nullptr, "hlsl.splitdouble");
 
    LowBits = CGF->Builder.CreateExtractValue(CI, 0);
    HighBits = CGF->Builder.CreateExtractValue(CI, 1);
  } else {
    // For Non DXIL targets we generate the instructions.
 
    if (!Op0->getType()->isVectorTy()) {
      FixedVectorType *DestTy = FixedVectorType::get(CGF->Int32Ty, 2);
      Value *Bitcast = CGF->Builder.CreateBitCast(Op0, DestTy);
 
      LowBits = CGF->Builder.CreateExtractElement(Bitcast, (uint64_t)0);
      HighBits = CGF->Builder.CreateExtractElement(Bitcast, 1);
    } else {
      int NumElements = 1;
      if (const auto *VecTy =
              E->getArg(0)->getType()->getAs<clang::VectorType>())
        NumElements = VecTy->getNumElements();
 
      FixedVectorType *Uint32VecTy =
          FixedVectorType::get(CGF->Int32Ty, NumElements * 2);
      Value *Uint32Vec = CGF->Builder.CreateBitCast(Op0, Uint32VecTy);
      if (NumElements == 1) {
        LowBits = CGF->Builder.CreateExtractElement(Uint32Vec, (uint64_t)0);
        HighBits = CGF->Builder.CreateExtractElement(Uint32Vec, 1);
      } else {
        SmallVector<int> EvenMask, OddMask;
        for (int I = 0, E = NumElements; I != E; ++I) {
          EvenMask.push_back(I * 2);
          OddMask.push_back(I * 2 + 1);
        }
        LowBits = CGF->Builder.CreateShuffleVector(Uint32Vec, EvenMask);
        HighBits = CGF->Builder.CreateShuffleVector(Uint32Vec, OddMask);
      }
    }
  }
  CGF->Builder.CreateStore(LowBits, Op1TmpLValue.getAddress());
  auto *LastInst =
      CGF->Builder.CreateStore(HighBits, Op2TmpLValue.getAddress());
  CGF->EmitWritebacks(Args);
  return LastInst;
}
 
static Value *handleHlslWaveActiveBallot(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                         const CallExpr *E) {
  Value *Cond = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
  llvm::Type *I32 = CGF.Int32Ty;
 
  llvm::Type *Vec4I32 = llvm::FixedVectorType::get(I32, 4);
  [[maybe_unused]] llvm::StructType *Struct4I32 =
      llvm::StructType::get(CGF.getLLVMContext(), {I32, I32, I32, I32});
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isDXIL()) {
    // Call DXIL intrinsic: returns { i32, i32, i32, i32 }
    Value *StructVal =
        CGF.EmitIntrinsicCall(Intrinsic::dx_wave_ballot, {I32}, {Cond});
    assert(StructVal->getType() == Struct4I32 &&
           "dx.wave.ballot must return {i32,i32,i32,i32}");
 
    // Reassemble struct to <4 x i32>
    llvm::Value *VecVal = llvm::PoisonValue::get(Vec4I32);
    for (unsigned I = 0; I < 4; ++I) {
      Value *Elt = CGF.Builder.CreateExtractValue(StructVal, I);
      VecVal =
          CGF.Builder.CreateInsertElement(VecVal, Elt, CGF.Builder.getInt32(I));
    }
 
    return VecVal;
  }
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isSPIRV())
    return CGF.EmitIntrinsicCall(Intrinsic::spv_subgroup_ballot, {Cond});
 
  llvm_unreachable(
      "WaveActiveBallot is only supported for DXIL and SPIRV targets");
}
 
static Value *handleElementwiseF16ToF32(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                        const CallExpr *E) {
  Value *Op0 = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
  QualType Op0Ty = E->getArg(0)->getType();
  llvm::Type *ResType = CGF.FloatTy;
  uint64_t NumElements = 0;
  if (Op0->getType()->isVectorTy()) {
    NumElements =
        E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<clang::VectorType>()->getNumElements();
    ResType =
        llvm::VectorType::get(ResType, ElementCount::getFixed(NumElements));
  }
  if (!Op0Ty->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation())
    llvm_unreachable(
        "f16tof32 operand must have an unsigned int representation");
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTriple().isDXIL())
    return CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(ResType, Intrinsic::dx_legacyf16tof32,
                                       ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
                                       "hlsl.f16tof32");
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTriple().isSPIRV()) {
    // We use the SPIRV UnpackHalf2x16 operation to avoid the need for the
    // Int16 and Float16 capabilities
    auto *UnpackType =
        llvm::VectorType::get(CGF.FloatTy, ElementCount::getFixed(2));
 
    if (NumElements == 0) {
      // a scalar input - simply extract the first element of the unpacked
      // vector
      Value *Unpack = CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          UnpackType, Intrinsic::spv_unpackhalf2x16, ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0});
      return CGF.Builder.CreateExtractElement(Unpack, (uint64_t)0);
    }
 
    // a vector input - build a congruent output vector by iterating through
    // the input vector calling unpackhalf2x16 for each element
    Value *Result = PoisonValue::get(ResType);
    for (uint64_t I = 0; I < NumElements; I++) {
      Value *InVal = CGF.Builder.CreateExtractElement(Op0, I);
      Value *Unpack = CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          UnpackType, Intrinsic::spv_unpackhalf2x16, ArrayRef<Value *>{InVal});
      Value *Res = CGF.Builder.CreateExtractElement(Unpack, (uint64_t)0);
      Result = CGF.Builder.CreateInsertElement(Result, Res, I);
    }
    return Result;
  }
 
  llvm_unreachable("Intrinsic F16ToF32 not supported by target architecture");
}
 
static Value *handleElementwiseF32ToF16(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                        const CallExpr *E) {
  Value *Op0 = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
  QualType Op0Ty = E->getArg(0)->getType();
  llvm::Type *ResType = CGF.IntTy;
  uint64_t NumElements = 0;
  if (Op0->getType()->isVectorTy()) {
    NumElements =
        E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<clang::VectorType>()->getNumElements();
    ResType =
        llvm::VectorType::get(ResType, ElementCount::getFixed(NumElements));
  }
  if (!Op0Ty->hasFloatingRepresentation())
    llvm_unreachable("f32tof16 operand must have a float representation");
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTriple().isDXIL())
    return CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(ResType, Intrinsic::dx_legacyf32tof16,
                                       ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
                                       "hlsl.f32tof16");
 
  if (CGF.CGM.getTriple().isSPIRV()) {
    // We use the SPIRV PackHalf2x16 operation to avoid the need for the
    // Int16 and Float16 capabilities
    auto *PackType =
        llvm::VectorType::get(CGF.FloatTy, ElementCount::getFixed(2));
 
    if (NumElements == 0) {
      // a scalar input - simply insert the scalar in the first element
      // of the 2 element float vector
      Value *Float2 = Constant::getNullValue(PackType);
      Float2 = CGF.Builder.CreateInsertElement(Float2, Op0, (uint64_t)0);
      Value *Result = CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          ResType, Intrinsic::spv_packhalf2x16, ArrayRef<Value *>{Float2});
      return Result;
    }
 
    // a vector input - build a congruent output vector by iterating through
    // the input vector calling packhalf2x16 for each element
    Value *Result = PoisonValue::get(ResType);
    for (uint64_t I = 0; I < NumElements; I++) {
      Value *Float2 = Constant::getNullValue(PackType);
      Value *InVal = CGF.Builder.CreateExtractElement(Op0, I);
      Float2 = CGF.Builder.CreateInsertElement(Float2, InVal, (uint64_t)0);
      Value *Res = CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          CGF.IntTy, Intrinsic::spv_packhalf2x16, ArrayRef<Value *>{Float2});
      Result = CGF.Builder.CreateInsertElement(Result, Res, I);
    }
    return Result;
  }
 
  llvm_unreachable("Intrinsic F32ToF16 not supported by target architecture");
}
 
static Value *emitBufferStride(CodeGenFunction *CGF, const Expr *HandleExpr,
                               LValue &Stride) {
  // Figure out the stride of the buffer elements from the handle type.
  auto *HandleTy =
      cast<HLSLAttributedResourceType>(HandleExpr->getType().getTypePtr());
  QualType ElementTy = HandleTy->getContainedType();
  Value *StrideValue = CGF->getTypeSize(ElementTy);
  return CGF->Builder.CreateStore(StrideValue, Stride.getAddress());
}
 
// Return dot product intrinsic that corresponds to the QT scalar type
static Intrinsic::ID getDotProductIntrinsic(CGHLSLRuntime &RT, QualType QT) {
  if (QT->isFloatingType())
    return RT.getFDotIntrinsic();
  if (QT->isSignedIntegerType())
    return RT.getSDotIntrinsic();
  assert(QT->isUnsignedIntegerType());
  return RT.getUDotIntrinsic();
}
 
static Intrinsic::ID getFirstBitHighIntrinsic(CGHLSLRuntime &RT, QualType QT) {
  if (QT->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
    return RT.getFirstBitSHighIntrinsic();
  }
 
  assert(QT->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation());
  return RT.getFirstBitUHighIntrinsic();
}
 
// Return wave active sum that corresponds to the QT scalar type
static Intrinsic::ID getWaveActiveSumIntrinsic(llvm::Triple::ArchType Arch,
                                               QualType QT) {
  switch (Arch) {
  case llvm::Triple::spirv:
    return Intrinsic::spv_wave_reduce_sum;
  case llvm::Triple::dxil: {
    if (QT->isUnsignedIntegerType())
      return Intrinsic::dx_wave_reduce_usum;
    return Intrinsic::dx_wave_reduce_sum;
  }
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Intrinsic WaveActiveSum"
                     " not supported by target architecture");
  }
}
 
// Return wave active product that corresponds to the QT scalar type
static Intrinsic::ID getWaveActiveProductIntrinsic(llvm::Triple::ArchType Arch,
                                                   QualType QT) {
  switch (Arch) {
  case llvm::Triple::spirv:
    return Intrinsic::spv_wave_product;
  case llvm::Triple::dxil: {
    if (QT->isUnsignedIntegerType())
      return Intrinsic::dx_wave_uproduct;
    return Intrinsic::dx_wave_product;
  }
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Intrinsic WaveActiveProduct"
                     " not supported by target architecture");
  }
}
 
static Intrinsic::ID getPrefixCountBitsIntrinsic(llvm::Triple::ArchType Arch) {
  switch (Arch) {
  case llvm::Triple::spirv:
    return Intrinsic::spv_subgroup_prefix_bit_count;
  case llvm::Triple::dxil: {
    return Intrinsic::dx_wave_prefix_bit_count;
  }
  default:
    llvm_unreachable(
        "WavePrefixOp instruction not supported by target architecture");
  }
}
 
// Return wave prefix sum that corresponds to the QT scalar type
static Intrinsic::ID getWavePrefixSumIntrinsic(llvm::Triple::ArchType Arch,
                                               QualType QT) {
  switch (Arch) {
  case llvm::Triple::spirv:
    return Intrinsic::spv_wave_prefix_sum;
  case llvm::Triple::dxil: {
    if (QT->isUnsignedIntegerType())
      return Intrinsic::dx_wave_prefix_usum;
    return Intrinsic::dx_wave_prefix_sum;
  }
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Intrinsic WavePrefixSum"
                     " not supported by target architecture");
  }
}
 
// Return wave prefix product that corresponds to the QT scalar type
static Intrinsic::ID getWavePrefixProductIntrinsic(llvm::Triple::ArchType Arch,
                                                   QualType QT) {
  switch (Arch) {
  case llvm::Triple::spirv:
    return Intrinsic::spv_wave_prefix_product;
  case llvm::Triple::dxil: {
    if (QT->isUnsignedIntegerType())
      return Intrinsic::dx_wave_prefix_uproduct;
    return Intrinsic::dx_wave_prefix_product;
  }
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Intrinsic WavePrefixProduct"
                     " not supported by target architecture");
  }
}
 
// Returns the mangled name for a builtin function that the SPIR-V backend
// will expand into a spec Constant.
static std::string getSpecConstantFunctionName(clang::QualType SpecConstantType,
                                               ASTContext &Context) {
  // The parameter types for our conceptual intrinsic function.
  QualType ClangParamTypes[] = {Context.IntTy, SpecConstantType};
 
  // Create a temporary FunctionDecl for the builtin fuction. It won't be
  // added to the AST.
  FunctionProtoType::ExtProtoInfo EPI;
  QualType FnType =
      Context.getFunctionType(SpecConstantType, ClangParamTypes, EPI);
  DeclarationName FuncName = &Context.Idents.get("__spirv_SpecConstant");
  FunctionDecl *FnDeclForMangling = FunctionDecl::Create(
      Context, Context.getTranslationUnitDecl(), SourceLocation(),
      SourceLocation(), FuncName, FnType, /*TSI=*/nullptr, SC_Extern);
 
  // Attach the created parameter declarations to the function declaration.
  SmallVector<ParmVarDecl *, 2> ParamDecls;
  for (QualType ParamType : ClangParamTypes) {
    ParmVarDecl *PD = ParmVarDecl::Create(
        Context, FnDeclForMangling, SourceLocation(), SourceLocation(),
        /*IdentifierInfo*/ nullptr, ParamType, /*TSI*/ nullptr, SC_None,
        /*DefaultArg*/ nullptr);
    ParamDecls.push_back(PD);
  }
  FnDeclForMangling->setParams(ParamDecls);
 
  // Get the mangled name.
  std::string Name;
  llvm::raw_string_ostream MangledNameStream(Name);
  std::unique_ptr<MangleContext> Mangler(Context.createMangleContext());
  Mangler->mangleName(FnDeclForMangling, MangledNameStream);
  MangledNameStream.flush();
 
  return Name;
}
 
static llvm::Type *getOffsetType(CodeGenModule &CGM, llvm::Type *CoordTy) {
  llvm::Type *Int32Ty = CGM.Int32Ty;
  if (auto *VT = dyn_cast<llvm::FixedVectorType>(CoordTy))
    return llvm::FixedVectorType::get(Int32Ty, VT->getNumElements());
  return Int32Ty;
}
 
static Value *emitHlslOffset(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const CallExpr *E,
                             unsigned OffsetArgIndex, llvm::Type *OffsetTy) {
  if (E->getNumArgs() > OffsetArgIndex)
    return CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(OffsetArgIndex));
 
  return llvm::Constant::getNullValue(OffsetTy);
}
 
static Value *emitHlslClamp(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const CallExpr *E,
                            unsigned ClampArgIndex) {
  Value *Clamp = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(ClampArgIndex));
  // The builtin is defined with variadic arguments, so the clamp parameter
  // might have been promoted to double. The intrinsic requires a 32-bit
  // float.
  if (Clamp->getType() != CGF.Builder.getFloatTy())
    Clamp = CGF.Builder.CreateFPCast(Clamp, CGF.Builder.getFloatTy());
  return Clamp;
}
 
static Value *emitGetDimensions(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const CallExpr *E,
                                unsigned IntrinsicID, unsigned NumRetComps,
                                bool HasLod) {
  Value *Handle = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
  SmallVector<Value *> Args{Handle};
  if (HasLod)
    Args.push_back(CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1)));
 
  Value *DimValue =
      CGF.Builder.CreateIntrinsic(IntrinsicID, {Handle->getType()}, Args);
 
  Value *LastStore = nullptr;
  unsigned ArgIndex = HasLod ? 2 : 1;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumRetComps; ++i) {
    const Expr *Arg = E->getArg(ArgIndex++);
    LValue DimOut = CGF.EmitLValue(Arg);
    Value *Elem = DimValue;
    if (NumRetComps > 1)
      Elem = CGF.Builder.CreateExtractElement(DimValue, i);
 
    // Handle float casting if needed
    if (Arg->getType()->isFloatingType())
      Elem = CGF.Builder.CreateUIToFP(
          Elem, llvm::Type::getFloatTy(CGF.getLLVMContext()));
 
    LastStore = CGF.Builder.CreateStore(Elem, DimOut.getAddress());
  }
  return LastStore;
}
 
Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitHLSLBuiltinExpr(unsigned BuiltinID,
                                            const CallExpr *E,
                                            ReturnValueSlot ReturnValue) {
  if (!getLangOpts().HLSL)
    return nullptr;
 
  switch (BuiltinID) {
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_adduint64: {
    Value *OpA = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *OpB = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    QualType Arg0Ty = E->getArg(0)->getType();
    uint64_t NumElements = Arg0Ty->castAs<VectorType>()->getNumElements();
    assert(Arg0Ty == E->getArg(1)->getType() &&
           "AddUint64 operand types must match");
    assert(Arg0Ty->hasIntegerRepresentation() &&
           "AddUint64 operands must have an integer representation");
    assert((NumElements == 2 || NumElements == 4) &&
           "AddUint64 operands must have 2 or 4 elements");
 
    llvm::Value *LowA;
    llvm::Value *HighA;
    llvm::Value *LowB;
    llvm::Value *HighB;
 
    // Obtain low and high words of inputs A and B
    if (NumElements == 2) {
      LowA = Builder.CreateExtractElement(OpA, (uint64_t)0, "LowA");
      HighA = Builder.CreateExtractElement(OpA, (uint64_t)1, "HighA");
      LowB = Builder.CreateExtractElement(OpB, (uint64_t)0, "LowB");
      HighB = Builder.CreateExtractElement(OpB, (uint64_t)1, "HighB");
    } else {
      LowA = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(OpA, {0, 2}, "LowA");
      HighA = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(OpA, {1, 3}, "HighA");
      LowB = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(OpB, {0, 2}, "LowB");
      HighB = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(OpB, {1, 3}, "HighB");
    }
 
    // Use an uadd_with_overflow to compute the sum of low words and obtain a
    // carry value
    llvm::Value *Carry;
    llvm::Value *LowSum = EmitOverflowIntrinsic(
        *this, Intrinsic::uadd_with_overflow, LowA, LowB, Carry);
    llvm::Value *ZExtCarry =
        Builder.CreateZExt(Carry, HighA->getType(), "CarryZExt");
 
    // Sum the high words and the carry
    llvm::Value *HighSum = Builder.CreateAdd(HighA, HighB, "HighSum");
    llvm::Value *HighSumPlusCarry =
        Builder.CreateAdd(HighSum, ZExtCarry, "HighSumPlusCarry");
 
    if (NumElements == 4) {
      return Builder.CreateShuffleVector(LowSum, HighSumPlusCarry, {0, 2, 1, 3},
                                         "hlsl.AddUint64");
    }
 
    llvm::Value *Result = PoisonValue::get(OpA->getType());
    Result = Builder.CreateInsertElement(Result, LowSum, (uint64_t)0,
                                         "hlsl.AddUint64.upto0");
    Result = Builder.CreateInsertElement(Result, HighSumPlusCarry, (uint64_t)1,
                                         "hlsl.AddUint64");
    return Result;
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer_typed: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    bool IsIndexed =
        BuiltinID == Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getpointer_typed ||
        E->getNumArgs() > 1;
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    llvm::Function *IntrFn = nullptr;
    llvm::CallInst *CI = nullptr;
    if (IsIndexed) {
      Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
      IntrFn = llvm::Intrinsic::getOrInsertDeclaration(
          &CGM.getModule(),
          CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateResourceGetPointerIntrinsic(),
          {RetTy, HandleOp->getType(), IndexOp->getType()});
      CI = EmitRuntimeCall(IntrFn, {HandleOp, IndexOp});
    } else {
      IntrFn = llvm::Intrinsic::getOrInsertDeclaration(
          &CGM.getModule(),
          CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateResourceGetBasePointerIntrinsic(),
          {RetTy, HandleOp->getType()});
      CI = EmitRuntimeCall(IntrFn, {HandleOp});
    }
    CI->setCallingConv(IntrFn->getCallingConv());
    return CI;
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 4> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 3, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    if (E->getNumArgs() <= 4) {
      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleIntrinsic(), Args);
    }
 
    Args.push_back(emitHlslClamp(*this, E, 4));
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleClampIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample_bias: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *BiasOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    if (BiasOp->getType() != Builder.getFloatTy())
      BiasOp = Builder.CreateFPCast(BiasOp, Builder.getFloatTy());
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 6> Args; // Max 6 arguments for SampleBias
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(BiasOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 4, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    if (E->getNumArgs() <= 5)
      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleBiasIntrinsic(), Args);
 
    Args.push_back(emitHlslClamp(*this, E, 5));
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleBiasClampIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample_grad: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *DDXOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    Value *DDYOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(4));
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 7> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(DDXOp);
    Args.push_back(DDYOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 5, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
 
    if (E->getNumArgs() <= 6) {
      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleGradIntrinsic(), Args);
    }
 
    Args.push_back(emitHlslClamp(*this, E, 6));
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleGradClampIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample_level: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *LODOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    if (LODOp->getType() != Builder.getFloatTy())
      LODOp = Builder.CreateFPCast(LODOp, Builder.getFloatTy());
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 5> Args; // Max 5 arguments for SampleLevel
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(LODOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 4, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleLevelIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_load_level: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *CoordLODOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
 
    auto *CoordLODVecTy = cast<llvm::FixedVectorType>(CoordLODOp->getType());
    unsigned NumElts = CoordLODVecTy->getNumElements();
    assert(NumElts >= 2 && "CoordLOD must have at least 2 elements");
 
    // Split CoordLOD into Coord and LOD
    SmallVector<int, 4> Mask;
    for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumElts - 1; ++I)
      Mask.push_back(I);
 
    Value *CoordOp =
        Builder.CreateShuffleVector(CoordLODOp, Mask, "hlsl.load.coord");
    Value *LODOp =
        Builder.CreateExtractElement(CoordLODOp, NumElts - 1, "hlsl.load.lod");
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 4> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(LODOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 2, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getLoadLevelIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample_cmp: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *CmpOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    if (CmpOp->getType() != Builder.getFloatTy())
      CmpOp = Builder.CreateFPCast(CmpOp, Builder.getFloatTy());
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 6> Args; // Max 6 arguments for SampleCmp
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(CmpOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 4, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    if (E->getNumArgs() <= 5) {
      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleCmpIntrinsic(), Args);
    }
 
    Args.push_back(emitHlslClamp(*this, E, 5));
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleCmpClampIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_sample_cmp_level_zero: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *CmpOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    if (CmpOp->getType() != Builder.getFloatTy())
      CmpOp = Builder.CreateFPCast(CmpOp, Builder.getFloatTy());
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 5> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(CmpOp);
 
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 4, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSampleCmpLevelZeroIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_calculate_lod: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        ConvertType(E->getType()),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCalculateLodIntrinsic(),
        {HandleOp, SamplerOp, CoordOp});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_calculate_lod_unclamped: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        ConvertType(E->getType()),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCalculateLodUnclampedIntrinsic(),
        {HandleOp, SamplerOp, CoordOp});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_gather: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *ComponentOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    if (ComponentOp->getType() != Builder.getInt32Ty())
      ComponentOp = Builder.CreateIntCast(ComponentOp, Builder.getInt32Ty(),
                                          /*isSigned=*/false);
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 5> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(ComponentOp);
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 4, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGatherIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_gather_cmp: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *SamplerOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *CoordOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *CompareOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    if (CompareOp->getType() != Builder.getFloatTy())
      CompareOp = Builder.CreateFPCast(CompareOp, Builder.getFloatTy());
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 6> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(SamplerOp);
    Args.push_back(CoordOp);
    Args.push_back(CompareOp);
 
    if (CGM.getTarget().getTriple().isDXIL()) {
      Value *ComponentOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(4));
      if (ComponentOp->getType() != Builder.getInt32Ty())
        ComponentOp = Builder.CreateIntCast(ComponentOp, Builder.getInt32Ty(),
                                            /*isSigned=*/false);
      Args.push_back(ComponentOp);
    }
 
    Args.push_back(
        emitHlslOffset(*this, E, 5, getOffsetType(CGM, CoordOp->getType())));
 
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGatherCmpIntrinsic(), Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_load_with_status:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_load_with_status_typed: {
    Value *HandleOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
 
    // Get the *address* of the status argument to write to it by reference
    LValue StatusLVal = EmitLValue(E->getArg(2));
    Address StatusAddr = StatusLVal.getAddress();
 
    QualType HandleTy = E->getArg(0)->getType();
    const HLSLAttributedResourceType *RT =
        HandleTy->getAs<HLSLAttributedResourceType>();
    assert(CGM.getTarget().getTriple().getArch() == llvm::Triple::dxil &&
           "Only DXIL currently implements load with status");
 
    Intrinsic::ID IntrID = RT->getAttrs().RawBuffer
                               ? llvm::Intrinsic::dx_resource_load_rawbuffer
                               : llvm::Intrinsic::dx_resource_load_typedbuffer;
 
    llvm::Type *DataTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    llvm::Type *RetTy = llvm::StructType::get(Builder.getContext(),
                                              {DataTy, Builder.getInt1Ty()});
 
    SmallVector<Value *, 3> Args;
    Args.push_back(HandleOp);
    Args.push_back(IndexOp);
 
    if (RT->isRaw()) {
      Value *Offset = Builder.getInt32(0);
      // The offset parameter needs to be poison for ByteAddressBuffer
      if (!RT->isStructured())
        Offset = llvm::PoisonValue::get(Builder.getInt32Ty());
      Args.push_back(Offset);
    }
 
    // The load intrinsics give us a (T value, i1 status) pair -
    // shepherd these into the return value and out reference respectively.
    Value *ResRet =
        Builder.CreateIntrinsic(RetTy, IntrID, Args, {}, "ld.struct");
    Value *LoadedValue = Builder.CreateExtractValue(ResRet, {0}, "ld.value");
    Value *StatusBit = Builder.CreateExtractValue(ResRet, {1}, "ld.status");
    Value *ExtendedStatus =
        Builder.CreateZExt(StatusBit, Builder.getInt32Ty(), "ld.status.ext");
    Builder.CreateStore(ExtendedStatus, StatusAddr);
 
    return LoadedValue;
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_uninitializedhandle: {
    llvm::Type *HandleTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(E->getType());
    return llvm::PoisonValue::get(HandleTy);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_handlefrombinding: {
    llvm::Type *HandleTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(E->getType());
    Value *RegisterOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *SpaceOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *RangeOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(4));
    Value *Name = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(5));
    llvm::Intrinsic::ID IntrinsicID =
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateHandleFromBindingIntrinsic();
    SmallVector<Value *> Args{SpaceOp, RegisterOp, RangeOp, IndexOp, Name};
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(HandleTy, IntrinsicID, Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_handlefromimplicitbinding: {
    llvm::Type *HandleTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(E->getType());
    Value *OrderID = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *SpaceOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *RangeOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(3));
    Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(4));
    Value *Name = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(5));
    llvm::Intrinsic::ID IntrinsicID =
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCreateHandleFromImplicitBindingIntrinsic();
    SmallVector<Value *> Args{OrderID, SpaceOp, RangeOp, IndexOp, Name};
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(HandleTy, IntrinsicID, Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_counterhandlefromimplicitbinding: {
    Value *MainHandle = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!CGM.getTriple().isSPIRV())
      return MainHandle;
 
    llvm::Type *HandleTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(E->getType());
    Value *OrderID = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *SpaceOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    llvm::Intrinsic::ID IntrinsicID =
        llvm::Intrinsic::spv_resource_counterhandlefromimplicitbinding;
    SmallVector<Value *> Args{MainHandle, OrderID, SpaceOp};
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(HandleTy, IntrinsicID, Args);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_nonuniformindex: {
    Value *IndexOp = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(E->getType());
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        RetTy, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getNonUniformResourceIndexIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{IndexOp});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getdimensions_x:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getdimensions_x_float:
    return emitGetDimensions(*this, E,
                             CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGetDimensionsXIntrinsic(),
                             1, /*HasLod=*/false);
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getdimensions_xy:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getdimensions_xy_float:
    return emitGetDimensions(*this, E,
                             CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGetDimensionsXYIntrinsic(),
                             2, /*HasLod=*/false);
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getdimensions_levels_xy:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getdimensions_levels_xy_float:
    return emitGetDimensions(
        *this, E, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGetDimensionsLevelsXYIntrinsic(), 3,
        /*HasLod=*/true);
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_resource_getstride: {
    LValue Stride = EmitLValue(E->getArg(1));
    return emitBufferStride(this, E->getArg(0), Stride);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_all: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(getLLVMContext()),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getAllIntrinsic(), ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
        "hlsl.all");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_and: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Op1 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    return Builder.CreateAnd(Op0, Op1, "hlsl.and");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_or: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Op1 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    return Builder.CreateOr(Op0, Op1, "hlsl.or");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_any: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(getLLVMContext()),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getAnyIntrinsic(), ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
        "hlsl.any");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_asdouble:
    return handleAsDoubleBuiltin(*this, E);
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_clamp: {
    Value *OpX = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *OpMin = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *OpMax = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
 
    QualType Ty = E->getArg(0)->getType();
    if (auto *VecTy = Ty->getAs<VectorType>())
      Ty = VecTy->getElementType();
 
    Intrinsic::ID Intr;
    if (Ty->isFloatingType()) {
      Intr = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getNClampIntrinsic();
    } else if (Ty->isUnsignedIntegerType()) {
      Intr = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getUClampIntrinsic();
    } else {
      assert(Ty->isSignedIntegerType());
      Intr = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSClampIntrinsic();
    }
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/OpX->getType(), Intr,
        ArrayRef<Value *>{OpX, OpMin, OpMax}, nullptr, "hlsl.clamp");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_crossf16:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_crossf32: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Op1 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           E->getArg(1)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "cross operands must have a float representation");
    // make sure each vector has exactly 3 elements
    assert(
        E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<VectorType>()->getNumElements() == 3 &&
        E->getArg(1)->getType()->castAs<VectorType>()->getNumElements() == 3 &&
        "input vectors must have 3 elements each");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getCrossIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0, Op1}, nullptr, "hlsl.cross");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_dot: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Op1 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    llvm::Type *T0 = Op0->getType();
    llvm::Type *T1 = Op1->getType();
 
    // If the arguments are scalars, just emit a multiply
    if (!T0->isVectorTy() && !T1->isVectorTy()) {
      if (T0->isFloatingPointTy())
        return Builder.CreateFMul(Op0, Op1, "hlsl.dot");
 
      if (T0->isIntegerTy())
        return Builder.CreateMul(Op0, Op1, "hlsl.dot");
 
      llvm_unreachable(
          "Scalar dot product is only supported on ints and floats.");
    }
    // For vectors, validate types and emit the appropriate intrinsic
    assert(CGM.getContext().hasSameUnqualifiedType(E->getArg(0)->getType(),
                                                   E->getArg(1)->getType()) &&
           "Dot product operands must have the same type.");
 
    auto *VecTy0 = E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<VectorType>();
    assert(VecTy0 && "Dot product argument must be a vector.");
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/T0->getScalarType(),
        getDotProductIntrinsic(CGM.getHLSLRuntime(), VecTy0->getElementType()),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0, Op1}, nullptr, "hlsl.dot");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_dot4add_i8packed: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Y = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *Acc = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDot4AddI8PackedIntrinsic();
    // Note that the argument order disagrees between the builtin and the
    // intrinsic here.
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Acc->getType(), ID, ArrayRef<Value *>{Acc, X, Y},
        nullptr, "hlsl.dot4add.i8packed");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_dot4add_u8packed: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Y = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *Acc = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDot4AddU8PackedIntrinsic();
    // Note that the argument order disagrees between the builtin and the
    // intrinsic here.
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Acc->getType(), ID, ArrayRef<Value *>{Acc, X, Y},
        nullptr, "hlsl.dot4add.u8packed");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_firstbithigh: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/ConvertType(E->getType()),
        getFirstBitHighIntrinsic(CGM.getHLSLRuntime(), E->getArg(0)->getType()),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{X}, nullptr, "hlsl.firstbithigh");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_firstbitlow: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/ConvertType(E->getType()),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getFirstBitLowIntrinsic(), ArrayRef<Value *>{X},
        nullptr, "hlsl.firstbitlow");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_lerp: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Y = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *S = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("lerp operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/X->getType(), CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getLerpIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{X, Y, S}, nullptr, "hlsl.lerp");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_normalize: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "normalize operand must have a float representation");
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/X->getType(),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getNormalizeIntrinsic(), ArrayRef<Value *>{X},
        nullptr, "hlsl.normalize");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_degrees: {
    Value *X = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "degree operand must have a float representation");
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/X->getType(), CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDegreesIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{X}, nullptr, "hlsl.degrees");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_f16tof32: {
    return handleElementwiseF16ToF32(*this, E);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_f32tof16: {
    return handleElementwiseF32ToF16(*this, E);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_frac: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("frac operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getFracIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr, "hlsl.frac");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_isinf: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    llvm::Type *Xty = Op0->getType();
    llvm::Type *retType = llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(this->getLLVMContext());
    if (Xty->isVectorTy()) {
      auto *XVecTy = E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<VectorType>();
      retType = llvm::VectorType::get(
          retType, ElementCount::getFixed(XVecTy->getNumElements()));
    }
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("isinf operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        retType, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getIsInfIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr, "hlsl.isinf");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_isnan: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    llvm::Type *Xty = Op0->getType();
    llvm::Type *retType = llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(this->getLLVMContext());
    if (Xty->isVectorTy()) {
      auto *XVecTy = E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<VectorType>();
      retType = llvm::VectorType::get(
          retType, ElementCount::getFixed(XVecTy->getNumElements()));
    }
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("isnan operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        retType, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getIsNaNIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr, "hlsl.isnan");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_mad: {
    Value *M = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *A = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *B = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(2));
    if (E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          /*ReturnType*/ M->getType(), Intrinsic::fmuladd,
          ArrayRef<Value *>{M, A, B}, nullptr, "hlsl.fmad");
 
    if (E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
      if (CGM.getTarget().getTriple().getArch() == llvm::Triple::dxil)
        return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
            /*ReturnType*/ M->getType(), Intrinsic::dx_imad,
            ArrayRef<Value *>{M, A, B}, nullptr, "dx.imad");
 
      Value *Mul = Builder.CreateNSWMul(M, A);
      return Builder.CreateNSWAdd(Mul, B);
    }
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation());
    if (CGM.getTarget().getTriple().getArch() == llvm::Triple::dxil)
      return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
          /*ReturnType=*/M->getType(), Intrinsic::dx_umad,
          ArrayRef<Value *>{M, A, B}, nullptr, "dx.umad");
 
    Value *Mul = Builder.CreateNUWMul(M, A);
    return Builder.CreateNUWAdd(Mul, B);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_mul: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Op1 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    QualType QTy0 = E->getArg(0)->getType();
    QualType QTy1 = E->getArg(1)->getType();
 
    bool IsVec0 = QTy0->isVectorType();
    bool IsVec1 = QTy1->isVectorType();
    bool IsMat0 = QTy0->isConstantMatrixType();
    bool IsMat1 = QTy1->isConstantMatrixType();
 
    // The matrix multiply intrinsic only operates on column-major order
    // matrices. Therefore matrix memory layout transforms must be inserted
    // before and after matrix multiply intrinsics.
    bool IsRowMajor = getLangOpts().getDefaultMatrixMemoryLayout() ==
                      LangOptions::MatrixMemoryLayout::MatrixRowMajor;
 
    llvm::MatrixBuilder MB(Builder);
    if (IsVec0 && IsMat1) {
      unsigned N = QTy0->castAs<VectorType>()->getNumElements();
      auto *MatTy = QTy1->castAs<ConstantMatrixType>();
      unsigned Rows = MatTy->getNumRows();
      unsigned Cols = MatTy->getNumColumns();
      assert(N == Rows && "vector length must match matrix row count");
      if (IsRowMajor)
        Op1 = MB.CreateRowMajorToColumnMajorTransform(Op1, Rows, Cols);
      return MB.CreateMatrixMultiply(Op0, Op1, 1, N, Cols, "hlsl.mul");
    }
    if (IsMat0 && IsVec1) {
      auto *MatTy = QTy0->castAs<ConstantMatrixType>();
      unsigned Rows = MatTy->getNumRows();
      unsigned Cols = MatTy->getNumColumns();
      assert(QTy1->castAs<VectorType>()->getNumElements() == Cols &&
             "vector length must match matrix column count");
      if (IsRowMajor)
        Op0 = MB.CreateRowMajorToColumnMajorTransform(Op0, Rows, Cols);
      return MB.CreateMatrixMultiply(Op0, Op1, Rows, Cols, 1, "hlsl.mul");
    }
    assert(IsMat0 && IsMat1);
    auto *MatTy0 = QTy0->castAs<ConstantMatrixType>();
    auto *MatTy1 = QTy1->castAs<ConstantMatrixType>();
    unsigned Rows0 = MatTy0->getNumRows();
    unsigned Rows1 = MatTy1->getNumRows();
    unsigned Cols0 = MatTy0->getNumColumns();
    unsigned Cols1 = MatTy1->getNumColumns();
    assert(Cols0 == Rows1 &&
           "inner matrix dimensions must match for multiplication");
    if (IsRowMajor) {
      Op0 = MB.CreateRowMajorToColumnMajorTransform(Op0, Rows0, Cols0);
      Op1 = MB.CreateRowMajorToColumnMajorTransform(Op1, Rows1, Cols1);
    }
    Value *Result =
        MB.CreateMatrixMultiply(Op0, Op1, Rows0, Cols0, Cols1, "hlsl.mul");
    if (IsRowMajor)
      Result = MB.CreateColumnMajorToRowMajorTransform(Result, Rows0, Cols1);
    return Result;
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_transpose: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    auto *MatTy = E->getArg(0)->getType()->castAs<ConstantMatrixType>();
    unsigned Rows = MatTy->getNumRows();
    unsigned Cols = MatTy->getNumColumns();
    llvm::MatrixBuilder MB(Builder);
    // The matrix transpose intrinsic operates on column-major matrices.
    // For row-major, a row-major RxC matrix is equivalent to a column-major
    // CxR matrix, so transposing with swapped dimensions produces the correct
    // row-major CxR result directly.
    bool IsRowMajor = getLangOpts().getDefaultMatrixMemoryLayout() ==
                      LangOptions::MatrixMemoryLayout::MatrixRowMajor;
    if (IsRowMajor)
      return MB.CreateMatrixTranspose(Op0, Cols, Rows);
    return MB.CreateMatrixTranspose(Op0, Rows, Cols);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_rcp: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("rcp operand must have a float representation");
    llvm::Type *Ty = Op0->getType();
    llvm::Type *EltTy = Ty->getScalarType();
    Constant *One = Ty->isVectorTy()
                        ? ConstantVector::getSplat(
                              ElementCount::getFixed(
                                  cast<FixedVectorType>(Ty)->getNumElements()),
                              ConstantFP::get(EltTy, 1.0))
                        : ConstantFP::get(EltTy, 1.0);
    return Builder.CreateFDiv(One, Op0, "hlsl.rcp");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_rsqrt: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("rsqrt operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getRsqrtIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr, "hlsl.rsqrt");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_saturate: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "saturate operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSaturateIntrinsic(), ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0},
        nullptr, "hlsl.saturate");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_prefix_count_bits: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(Op->getType()->isIntegerTy(1) &&
           "WavePrefixBitCount operand must be a boolean type");
 
    Intrinsic::ID IID =
        getPrefixCountBitsIntrinsic(getTarget().getTriple().getArch());
 
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, ArrayRef{Op}, "hlsl.wave.prefix.bit.count");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_select: {
    Value *OpCond = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    RValue RValTrue = EmitAnyExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *OpTrue =
        RValTrue.isScalar()
            ? RValTrue.getScalarVal()
            : Builder.CreateLoad(RValTrue.getAggregateAddress(), "true_val");
    RValue RValFalse = EmitAnyExpr(E->getArg(2));
    Value *OpFalse =
        RValFalse.isScalar()
            ? RValFalse.getScalarVal()
            : Builder.CreateLoad(RValFalse.getAggregateAddress(), "false_val");
    if (auto *VTy = E->getType()->getAs<VectorType>()) {
      if (!OpTrue->getType()->isVectorTy())
        OpTrue =
            Builder.CreateVectorSplat(VTy->getNumElements(), OpTrue, "splat");
      if (!OpFalse->getType()->isVectorTy())
        OpFalse =
            Builder.CreateVectorSplat(VTy->getNumElements(), OpFalse, "splat");
    }
 
    Value *SelectVal =
        Builder.CreateSelect(OpCond, OpTrue, OpFalse, "hlsl.select");
    if (!RValTrue.isScalar())
      Builder.CreateStore(SelectVal, ReturnValue.getAddress(),
                          ReturnValue.isVolatile());
 
    return SelectVal;
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_step: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Op1 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           E->getArg(1)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "step operands must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getStepIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0, Op1}, nullptr, "hlsl.step");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_all_equal: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveAllEqualIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {Op->getType()}, {Op});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_all_true: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(Op->getType()->isIntegerTy(1) &&
           "Intrinsic WaveActiveAllTrue operand must be a bool");
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveAllTrueIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {Op});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_any_true: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(Op->getType()->isIntegerTy(1) &&
           "Intrinsic WaveActiveAnyTrue operand must be a bool");
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveAnyTrueIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {Op});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_bit_or: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() &&
           "Intrinsic WaveActiveBitOr operand must have an unsigned integer "
           "representation");
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveBitOrIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {Op->getType()}, ArrayRef{Op},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.bit.or");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_bit_xor: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() &&
           "Intrinsic WaveActiveBitXor operand must have an unsigned integer "
           "representation");
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveBitXorIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {Op->getType()}, ArrayRef{Op},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.bit.xor");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_bit_and: {
    Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() &&
           "Intrinsic WaveActiveBitAnd operand must have an unsigned integer "
           "representation");
 
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveBitAndIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {Op->getType()}, ArrayRef{Op},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.bit.and");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_ballot: {
    [[maybe_unused]] Value *Op = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(Op->getType()->isIntegerTy(1) &&
           "Intrinsic WaveActiveBallot operand must be a bool");
 
    return handleHlslWaveActiveBallot(*this, E);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_count_bits: {
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveCountBitsIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, ArrayRef{OpExpr});
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_sum: {
    // Due to the use of variadic arguments, explicitly retrieve argument
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID IID = getWaveActiveSumIntrinsic(
        getTarget().getTriple().getArch(), E->getArg(0)->getType());
 
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.sum");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_product: {
    // Due to the use of variadic arguments, explicitly retrieve argument
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID IID = getWaveActiveProductIntrinsic(
        getTarget().getTriple().getArch(), E->getArg(0)->getType());
 
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.product");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_max: {
    // Due to the use of variadic arguments, explicitly retrieve argument
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    QualType QT = E->getArg(0)->getType();
    Intrinsic::ID IID;
    if (QT->isUnsignedIntegerType())
      IID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveUMaxIntrinsic();
    else
      IID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveMaxIntrinsic();
 
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.max");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_active_min: {
    // Due to the use of variadic arguments, explicitly retrieve argument
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    QualType QT = E->getArg(0)->getType();
    Intrinsic::ID IID;
    if (QT->isUnsignedIntegerType())
      IID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveUMinIntrinsic();
    else
      IID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveActiveMinIntrinsic();
 
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.wave.active.min");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_get_lane_index: {
    // We don't define a SPIR-V intrinsic, instead it is a SPIR-V built-in
    // defined in SPIRVBuiltins.td. So instead we manually get the matching name
    // for the DirectX intrinsic and the demangled builtin name
    switch (CGM.getTarget().getTriple().getArch()) {
    case llvm::Triple::dxil:
      return EmitIntrinsicCall(Intrinsic::dx_wave_getlaneindex);
    case llvm::Triple::spirv:
      return EmitRuntimeCall(CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(
          llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy, {}, false),
          "__hlsl_wave_get_lane_index", {}, false, true));
    default:
      llvm_unreachable(
          "Intrinsic WaveGetLaneIndex not supported by target architecture");
    }
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_is_first_lane: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveIsFirstLaneIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_get_lane_count: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveGetLaneCountIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_read_lane_at: {
    // Due to the use of variadic arguments we must explicitly retrieve them and
    // create our function type.
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *OpIndex = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getWaveReadLaneAtIntrinsic(),
                             {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr, OpIndex},
                             "hlsl.wave.readlane");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_prefix_sum: {
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID IID = getWavePrefixSumIntrinsic(
        getTarget().getTriple().getArch(), E->getArg(0)->getType());
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.wave.prefix.sum");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_wave_prefix_product: {
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID IID = getWavePrefixProductIntrinsic(
        getTarget().getTriple().getArch(), E->getArg(0)->getType());
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(IID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.wave.prefix.product");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_quad_read_across_x: {
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getQuadReadAcrossXIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.quad.read.across.x");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_quad_read_across_y: {
    Value *OpExpr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getQuadReadAcrossYIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID, {OpExpr->getType()}, ArrayRef{OpExpr},
                             "hlsl.quad.read.across.y");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_sign: {
    auto *Arg0 = E->getArg(0);
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(Arg0);
    llvm::Type *Xty = Op0->getType();
    llvm::Type *retType = llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(this->getLLVMContext());
    if (Xty->isVectorTy()) {
      auto *XVecTy = Arg0->getType()->castAs<VectorType>();
      retType = llvm::VectorType::get(
          retType, ElementCount::getFixed(XVecTy->getNumElements()));
    }
    assert((Arg0->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() ||
            Arg0->getType()->hasIntegerRepresentation()) &&
           "sign operand must have a float or int representation");
 
    if (Arg0->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
      Value *Cmp = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Op0, ConstantInt::get(Xty, 0));
      return Builder.CreateSelect(Cmp, ConstantInt::get(retType, 0),
                                  ConstantInt::get(retType, 1), "hlsl.sign");
    }
 
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        retType, CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getSignIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr, "hlsl.sign");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_radians: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "radians operand must have a float representation");
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getRadiansIntrinsic(), ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0},
        nullptr, "hlsl.radians");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_buffer_update_counter: {
    Value *ResHandle = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    Value *Offset = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    Value *OffsetI8 = Builder.CreateIntCast(Offset, Int8Ty, true);
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
        /*ReturnType=*/Offset->getType(),
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getBufferUpdateCounterIntrinsic(),
        ArrayRef<Value *>{ResHandle, OffsetI8}, nullptr);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_splitdouble: {
 
    assert((E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
            E->getArg(1)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() &&
            E->getArg(2)->getType()->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation()) &&
           "asuint operands types mismatch");
    return handleHlslSplitdouble(E, this);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_clip:
    assert(E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation() &&
           "clip operands types mismatch");
    return handleHlslClip(E, this);
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_all_memory_barrier: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getAllMemoryBarrierIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_all_memory_barrier_with_group_sync: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID =
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getAllMemoryBarrierWithGroupSyncIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_device_memory_barrier: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDeviceMemoryBarrierIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_device_memory_barrier_with_group_sync: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID =
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDeviceMemoryBarrierWithGroupSyncIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_group_memory_barrier: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGroupMemoryBarrierIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_group_memory_barrier_with_group_sync: {
    Intrinsic::ID ID =
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getGroupMemoryBarrierWithGroupSyncIntrinsic();
    return EmitIntrinsicCall(ID);
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_ddx_coarse: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("ddx_coarse operand must have a float representation");
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDdxCoarseIntrinsic();
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(/*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), ID,
                                   ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
                                   "hlsl.ddx.coarse");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_ddy_coarse: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("ddy_coarse operand must have a float representation");
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDdyCoarseIntrinsic();
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(/*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), ID,
                                   ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
                                   "hlsl.ddy.coarse");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_ddx_fine: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("ddx_fine operand must have a float representation");
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDdxFineIntrinsic();
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(/*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), ID,
                                   ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
                                   "hlsl.ddx.fine");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_hlsl_elementwise_ddy_fine: {
    Value *Op0 = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    if (!E->getArg(0)->getType()->hasFloatingRepresentation())
      llvm_unreachable("ddy_fine operand must have a float representation");
    Intrinsic::ID ID = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().getDdyFineIntrinsic();
    return Builder.CreateIntrinsic(/*ReturnType=*/Op0->getType(), ID,
                                   ArrayRef<Value *>{Op0}, nullptr,
                                   "hlsl.ddy.fine");
  }
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_bool:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_short:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_ushort:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_int:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_uint:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_longlong:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_ulonglong:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_half:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_float:
  case Builtin::BI__builtin_get_spirv_spec_constant_double: {
    llvm::Function *SpecConstantFn = getSpecConstantFunction(E->getType());
    llvm::Value *SpecId = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(0));
    llvm::Value *DefaultVal = EmitScalarExpr(E->getArg(1));
    llvm::Value *Args[] = {SpecId, DefaultVal};
    return Builder.CreateCall(SpecConstantFn, Args);
  }
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
llvm::Function *clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::getSpecConstantFunction(
    const clang::QualType &SpecConstantType) {
 
  // Find or create the declaration for the function.
  llvm::Module *M = &CGM.getModule();
  std::string MangledName =
      getSpecConstantFunctionName(SpecConstantType, getContext());
  llvm::Function *SpecConstantFn = M->getFunction(MangledName);
 
  if (!SpecConstantFn) {
    llvm::Type *IntType = ConvertType(getContext().IntTy);
    llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(SpecConstantType);
    llvm::Type *ArgTypes[] = {IntType, RetTy};
    llvm::FunctionType *FnTy = llvm::FunctionType::get(RetTy, ArgTypes, false);
    SpecConstantFn = llvm::Function::Create(
        FnTy, llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, MangledName, M);
  }
  return SpecConstantFn;
}