VirtualNearMissCheck.cpp

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//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "VirtualNearMissCheck.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/CXXInheritance.h"
#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
#include "clang/Lex/Lexer.h"
 
using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
 
namespace clang::tidy::bugprone {
 
namespace {
AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, isStatic) { return Node.isStatic(); }
 
AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, isOverloadedOperator) {
  return Node.isOverloadedOperator();
}
} // namespace
 
/// Finds out if the given method overrides some method.
static bool isOverrideMethod(const CXXMethodDecl *MD) {
  return MD->size_overridden_methods() > 0 || MD->hasAttr<OverrideAttr>();
}
 
/// Checks whether the return types are covariant, according to
/// C++[class.virtual]p7.
///
/// Similar with clang::Sema::CheckOverridingFunctionReturnType.
/// \returns true if the return types of BaseMD and DerivedMD are covariant.
static bool checkOverridingFunctionReturnType(const ASTContext *Context,
                                              const CXXMethodDecl *BaseMD,
                                              const CXXMethodDecl *DerivedMD) {
  const QualType BaseReturnTy = BaseMD->getType()
                                    ->castAs<FunctionType>()
                                    ->getReturnType()
                                    .getCanonicalType();
  const QualType DerivedReturnTy = DerivedMD->getType()
                                       ->castAs<FunctionType>()
                                       ->getReturnType()
                                       .getCanonicalType();
 
  if (DerivedReturnTy->isDependentType() || BaseReturnTy->isDependentType())
    return false;
 
  // Check if return types are identical.
  if (ASTContext::hasSameType(DerivedReturnTy, BaseReturnTy))
    return true;
 
  /// Check if the return types are covariant.
 
  // Both types must be pointers or references to classes.
  if (!(BaseReturnTy->isPointerType() && DerivedReturnTy->isPointerType()) &&
      !(BaseReturnTy->isReferenceType() && DerivedReturnTy->isReferenceType()))
    return false;
 
  /// BTy is the class type in return type of BaseMD. For example,
  ///    B* Base::md()
  /// While BRD is the declaration of B.
  const QualType DTy = DerivedReturnTy->getPointeeType().getCanonicalType();
  const QualType BTy = BaseReturnTy->getPointeeType().getCanonicalType();
 
  const CXXRecordDecl *DRD = DTy->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
  const CXXRecordDecl *BRD = BTy->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
  if (DRD == nullptr || BRD == nullptr)
    return false;
 
  if (!DRD->hasDefinition() || !BRD->hasDefinition())
    return false;
 
  if (DRD == BRD)
    return true;
 
  if (!ASTContext::hasSameUnqualifiedType(DTy, BTy)) {
    // Begin checking whether the conversion from D to B is valid.
    CXXBasePaths Paths(/*FindAmbiguities=*/true, /*RecordPaths=*/true,
                       /*DetectVirtual=*/false);
 
    // Check whether D is derived from B, and fill in a CXXBasePaths object.
    if (!DRD->isDerivedFrom(BRD, Paths))
      return false;
 
    // Check ambiguity.
    if (Paths.isAmbiguous(
            ASTContext::getCanonicalType(BTy).getUnqualifiedType()))
      return false;
 
    // Check accessibility.
    // FIXME: We currently only support checking if B is accessible base class
    // of D, or D is the same class which DerivedMD is in.
    const bool IsItself =
        DRD->getCanonicalDecl() == DerivedMD->getParent()->getCanonicalDecl();
    bool HasPublicAccess = false;
    for (const auto &Path : Paths)
      if (Path.Access == AS_public)
        HasPublicAccess = true;
    if (!HasPublicAccess && !IsItself)
      return false;
    // End checking conversion from D to B.
  }
 
  // Both pointers or references should have the same cv-qualification.
  if (DerivedReturnTy.getLocalCVRQualifiers() !=
      BaseReturnTy.getLocalCVRQualifiers())
    return false;
 
  // The class type D should have the same cv-qualification as or less
  // cv-qualification than the class type B.
  if (DTy.isMoreQualifiedThan(BTy, *Context))
    return false;
 
  return true;
}
 
/// \returns decayed type for arrays and functions.
static QualType getDecayedType(QualType Type) {
  if (const auto *Decayed = Type->getAs<DecayedType>())
    return Decayed->getDecayedType();
  return Type;
}
 
/// \returns true if the param types are the same.
static bool checkParamTypes(const CXXMethodDecl *BaseMD,
                            const CXXMethodDecl *DerivedMD) {
  const unsigned NumParamA = BaseMD->getNumParams();
  const unsigned NumParamB = DerivedMD->getNumParams();
  if (NumParamA != NumParamB)
    return false;
 
  for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumParamA; I++)
    if (getDecayedType(BaseMD->getParamDecl(I)->getType().getCanonicalType()) !=
        getDecayedType(
            DerivedMD->getParamDecl(I)->getType().getCanonicalType()))
      return false;
  return true;
}
 
/// \returns true if derived method can override base method except for the
/// name.
static bool checkOverrideWithoutName(const ASTContext *Context,
                                     const CXXMethodDecl *BaseMD,
                                     const CXXMethodDecl *DerivedMD) {
  if (BaseMD->isStatic() != DerivedMD->isStatic())
    return false;
 
  if (BaseMD->getType() == DerivedMD->getType())
    return true;
 
  // Now the function types are not identical. Then check if the return types
  // are covariant and if the param types are the same.
  if (!checkOverridingFunctionReturnType(Context, BaseMD, DerivedMD))
    return false;
  return checkParamTypes(BaseMD, DerivedMD);
}
 
/// Check whether BaseMD overrides DerivedMD.
///
/// Prerequisite: the class which BaseMD is in should be a base class of that
/// DerivedMD is in.
static bool checkOverrideByDerivedMethod(const CXXMethodDecl *BaseMD,
                                         const CXXMethodDecl *DerivedMD) {
  for (CXXMethodDecl::method_iterator I = DerivedMD->begin_overridden_methods(),
                                      E = DerivedMD->end_overridden_methods();
       I != E; ++I) {
    const CXXMethodDecl *OverriddenMD = *I;
    if (BaseMD->getCanonicalDecl() == OverriddenMD->getCanonicalDecl())
      return true;
  }
 
  return false;
}
 
bool VirtualNearMissCheck::isPossibleToBeOverridden(
    const CXXMethodDecl *BaseMD) {
  auto [Iter, Inserted] = PossibleMap.try_emplace(BaseMD);
  if (!Inserted)
    return Iter->second;
 
  const bool IsPossible =
      !BaseMD->isImplicit() && !isa<CXXConstructorDecl>(BaseMD) &&
      !isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(BaseMD) && BaseMD->isVirtual() &&
      !BaseMD->isOverloadedOperator() && !isa<CXXConversionDecl>(BaseMD);
  Iter->second = IsPossible;
  return IsPossible;
}
 
bool VirtualNearMissCheck::isOverriddenByDerivedClass(
    const CXXMethodDecl *BaseMD, const CXXRecordDecl *DerivedRD) {
  auto Key = std::make_pair(BaseMD, DerivedRD);
  auto Iter = OverriddenMap.find(Key);
  if (Iter != OverriddenMap.end())
    return Iter->second;
 
  bool IsOverridden = false;
  for (const CXXMethodDecl *DerivedMD : DerivedRD->methods()) {
    if (!isOverrideMethod(DerivedMD))
      continue;
 
    if (checkOverrideByDerivedMethod(BaseMD, DerivedMD)) {
      IsOverridden = true;
      break;
    }
  }
  OverriddenMap[Key] = IsOverridden;
  return IsOverridden;
}
 
void VirtualNearMissCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
  Finder->addMatcher(
      cxxMethodDecl(
          unless(anyOf(isOverride(), isImplicit(), cxxConstructorDecl(),
                       cxxDestructorDecl(), cxxConversionDecl(), isStatic(),
                       isOverloadedOperator())))
          .bind("method"),
      this);
}
 
void VirtualNearMissCheck::check(const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
  const auto *DerivedMD = Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<CXXMethodDecl>("method");
  assert(DerivedMD);
 
  const ASTContext *Context = Result.Context;
 
  const auto *DerivedRD = DerivedMD->getParent()->getDefinition();
  assert(DerivedRD);
 
  for (const auto &BaseSpec : DerivedRD->bases()) {
    if (const auto *BaseRD = BaseSpec.getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl()) {
      for (const auto *BaseMD : BaseRD->methods()) {
        if (!isPossibleToBeOverridden(BaseMD))
          continue;
 
        if (isOverriddenByDerivedClass(BaseMD, DerivedRD))
          continue;
 
        const unsigned EditDistance = BaseMD->getName().edit_distance(
            DerivedMD->getName(), EditDistanceThreshold);
        if (EditDistance > 0 && EditDistance <= EditDistanceThreshold) {
          if (checkOverrideWithoutName(Context, BaseMD, DerivedMD)) {
            // A "virtual near miss" is found.
            auto Range = CharSourceRange::getTokenRange(
                SourceRange(DerivedMD->getLocation()));
 
            const bool ApplyFix = !BaseMD->isTemplateInstantiation() &&
                                  !DerivedMD->isTemplateInstantiation();
            auto Diag =
                diag(DerivedMD->getBeginLoc(),
                     "method '%0' has a similar name and the same signature as "
                     "virtual method '%1'; did you mean to override it?")
                << DerivedMD->getQualifiedNameAsString()
                << BaseMD->getQualifiedNameAsString();
            if (ApplyFix)
              Diag << FixItHint::CreateReplacement(Range, BaseMD->getName());
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
} // namespace clang::tidy::bugprone